(Solved): Review Sheet for Lab Exam I Safety and Laboratory Guidelines: - Microorganisms can be classified in ...

Review Sheet for Lab Exam I Safety and Laboratory Guidelines: - Microorganisms can be classified into four biosafety levels (BSLs). Know the basic requirements for each level and an example of a pathogen associated with each. - Know the color coding for a chemical hazard label; compare 0 to 4 - How is a spill cleaned? - What disinfectant is used in our lab? Handwashing, Exercise 1.1: - What agent was the best at controlling microbes? - What agent was the worst at controlling microbes? - What is the mechanism of action of triclosan? Which types of microbes did this control? - What is the mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine? Which types of microbes did this control? Ubiquity of Microorganisms, Exercise 2.1: - What was the purpose of plates 7 and 8 described in the procedure for exercise 2.1? - Be able to define the following terms: pathogen, mutualism, commensal, opportunistic, reservoir Colony Morphology, Exercise 2.2: -If given an agar plate (or a picture) with colony growth be able to describe the colony morphology using the following features: shape, margin, elevation, size, texture, appearance, pigmentation, optical property Microscopy, Exercise 3.1: - Be able to label the parts of a compound light microscope and describe the function of each part - Determine total magnification and numerical aperture - Define the following terms: resolution, limit of resolution - Explain what the letter E looked like microscopically and what color thread was on top/middle/bottom Capsules, Endospores, Flagella, Exercise 3.9-3.12: - Be able to recognize a capsule microscopically and indicate what primary/counterstain is used; Give an example of a microbe with a capsule - Be able to recognize an endospore microscopically and determine whether central, terminal, or subterminal as well as whether spherical or elliptical (may be asked on photos) - What is the primary/counterstain used for endospores? Give an example of a microbe that has endospores - Be able to recognize flagella microscopically and determine whether amphitrichous or peritrichous - What is the primary stain used for flagella? Give an example of a microbe that has amphitrichous flagella and one that has peritrichous flagella. Simple Stains, Exercise \( 3.5 \) (not actually performed in class but you will need to know these details): - Describe the following terms: coccus, bacillus, spirillum, diplo-, strepto-, staphylo-, tetrad - Describe a basic dye - Describe how to prepare a smear and heat fix; what is the purpose of heat fixing? - Be able to look at a stained prepared slide and describe the cell morphology Common Aseptic Transfers and Inoculation Methods, Exercise 1.3: - Define aseptic - Define axenic - What are the three main types of solid media? - What appearance will a broth have if sterile? contaminated? - What will a slant look like if sterile? contaminated? Streak Isolation, Exercise 1.4: - Define colony - What is the goal in streak plate Gram Stain, Exercise 3.7: - Describe the steps in a Gram stain - Define the terms: primary stain, mordant, decolorizer, counterstain (also know what solution goes with each of these) - Be able to analyze the results from Gram staining: determine if Gram +/-and cell morphology (Ex 3.5) - Be able to determine results if the procedure is done erroneously (for example if the decolorizer was forgotten)