(Solved): Required information An air-standard cycle is executed within a closed piston-cylinder system, and ...

Required information An air-standard cycle is executed within a closed piston-cylinder system, and it consists of the following three processes: \( 1-2 \mathrm{~V}= \) Constant heat addition from \( 100 \mathrm{kPa} \) and \( 30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) to \( 850 \mathrm{kPa} \) \( 2-3 \) Isothermal expansion until \( V_{3}=8.5 V_{2} \) \( 3-1 P= \) Constant heat rejection to the initlal state Assume air has constant properties with \( c_{v}=0.718 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \cdot K, c_{p}=1.005 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{K}, R=0.287 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{K} \), and \( k=1.4 \). Determine the ratio of the compression work to the expansion work (the back work ratio) The back work ratio is