(Solved): please help me Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with \( \mat ...

Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with \( \mathrm{Cl}_{2}, \mathrm{Br}_{2} \), or \( \mathrm{I}_{2} \), under acidic conditions. Using \( \mathrm{Br}_{2} \) under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. \( \longrightarrow \) 1 Item attempt remaining Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are much more severe than those for other. carboxylic acid derivatives. Acidic hydrolysis occurs by addition of water to the protonated carbonyl, followed by proton transfer to make the nitrogen a better leaving group. The reactions are reversible, and the reaction is driven to completion by protonation of \( \mathrm{NH}_{3} \) at the end. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. \( \mathrm{H}_{2} \dot{\mathrm{O}}: \) \( : \mathrm{NH}_{3} \quad \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+} \)