(Solved): microbiology Review the citric acid cycle in the Process Diagram, Figure 9.10 , and answer this ques ...

Review the citric acid cycle in the Process Diagram, Figure 9.10 , and answer this question. Which four steps in the citric acid cycle involve oxidation reactions? 2A flow diagram shows the citric acid cycle. The steps are as follows. 1. The 2-carbon acetyl group is transterred from acetyi CoA to the 4-carbon oxaloacetate generating 6-carbon citrate, the first stable product of the cycle. 2 . Citric acid is isomerized to isocitrate. 3 i. A hydroxyl group on isocitrate is oxidized to a carbonyl generating oxalosuccinate. 4. Unstable oxalosuccinate is decarboxylated forming $$\stackrel{?}{I}$$-ketoglutarate and releasing carbon dioxide as a by-product. 5. The oxidation of $$\mathrm{I}$$-ketoglutarate reduces NAD +, releases carbon dioxide as a by-product, and produces succinyl CoA with the addition of coenzyme A. 6. A phosphate group displaces coenzyme A and is then transferred to ADP forming ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. 7. The oxidation of succinate generates fumerate and the activated carrier, FADH2.8. The addition of water to fumerate attaches a hydroxyl group creating malate.9. The last oxidative step of the citric acid cycle regenerates oxaloacetate and reduces another molecule of NAD. $$\begin{array}{l}6;7;8;9\\ 8;9;10;11\\ 5;7;9;3\\ 6;7;11;12\end{array}$$ Your answer is incorrect. Which of the following processes can use pyruvate as a substrate? Gluconeogenesis, Alcoholic fermentation. Lactate fermentation. Oxidation to acetyl CoA All of these processes use pyruvate as a substrate. What are the end products of both protein and lipid metabolism? ATP amino acids fatty acids glucose