(Solved): A silicon wafer, \( 150 \mathrm{~mm} \) in diameter, is to be doped with \( \mathrm{n} \)-type dopa ...
A silicon wafer, \( 150 \mathrm{~mm} \) in diameter, is to be doped with \( \mathrm{n} \)-type dopants via ion-implantation, using phosphorous ions at \( 100 \mathrm{keV} \). The ion implantation process has the following parameters: Dose: \( 5.100 \times 10^{20} \mathrm{~mm}^{-2} \) Standard deviation: \( 69.0 \mathrm{~nm} \). Calculate the approximate peak concentration of dopant due to the ion implantation process. Give your answer in \( \mathrm{mm}^{-3} \) to 3 s.f.