18.1 Recall that MOS transistors are symmetrical and that what distinguishes the source from the
drain is their relative voltage levels: For NMOS, the terminal with the higher voltage is the drain; for
PMOS, the terminal with the higher voltage is the source. For each of the circuits in Fig. P18.1, label
the source and drain terminals and give the output voltage V_(o) in terms of V_(DD^('))V_(tn^(')) and |V_(tp)|. Note
that V_(tn) and |V_(tp)| are determined by the body effect, and give expressions for their values. Note that
V_(0) is the value reached after the capacitor chargin(g)/(d)ischarging interval has come to an end.
(a)
(d)
Figure P18.1